Engineering low-temperature ozone activation of zeolites: Process specifics, possible mechanisms and hybrid activation methods

Zeolite activation is the first, but often overlooked, post-synthetic treatment needed to transform an as-made material into adsorbent or catalyst. Ozonation at low temperatures provides alternative for conventional calcination treatments, with important consequences zeolite stability and acidity. While sometimes used in context of emptying novel less thermally stable structures, a thorough look ozonation bulk zeolites missing. Decomposition organic structure-directing agents was achieved three OSDA-zeolite systems yielding empty SSZ-13, ZSM-5 β select conditions. The effect various process parameters, as well synthetic were investigated. Infrared mass spectrometry after alternating O2-O3 mode experiments provide some mechanistic insights ozonation. rate-limiting steps both low-temperature air calcinations can be circumvented by medium-temperature calcination.